Article

Name: WORD AND PLOT IN N. V. GOGOL’S “THE LOST LETTER”

Authors: O. B. Zaslavskiy

Kharkov National University named after V. N. Karazinб Kharkov, Ukraine

In the section Literary Life of the Plot

Abstract: We trace the aspects of a structure of a text related to the motifs of literacy and word. This includes the details of travel in which a sender is a clerk (pisar’ in Russian that is related to pisat’ – “write”), the object to be delivered is a Letter, a messenger is a man who can read and write (a rare quality in the environment). In doing so, physical travel between geographic points is combined with the act of communication – transfer of words. This relationship reveals itself also in a negative version when words disappear. As devils stole a horse, a character is forced to go by foot. As a result, the activity of foots and search for vanishing word (the Letter) are related directly. The Letter is delivered not one but three times. The 1st one is an unsuccessful attempt when the character and the Letter turn out to be in the Hell. The 2nd case represents travel from the Hell to home. The 3d case is an unsuccessful attempt when the character fulfills his task. Thus the result is achieved on the 3d step – similarly to what happens during the card game. It is important that the Letter arrives at the hero’s home as a result of the inverse travel from the Hell. Such a spatial inversion is just typical of the other world. Some moves in the plot can be thought of as realizations of proverbs. We reveal the role of a number “five” as related to a hand and ability to write. The victory in a card play in Hell is interpreted by us as the result of this ability, but in the inverted form. This corresponds to the inverisons of usual norms in the Hell. We found anagrams in prose, mainly related to the varying of the sound-and-theme complex “rozh”. It realizes the motifs of distorting face typical of the Hell. In doing so, this distortion is duplicated by distortion of words. The card game in the Hell can be considered as a battle for wisdom (as was pointed out by M. Weisskopf earlier). Meanwhile, it concerns also a process itself that can be thought of as a trial. The true meaning of such a trial consists just in that a hero has to reveal wisdom, distinguishing the essence and appearance. When he makes the sign of cross-over, he does fullfills the action of this type. In other words, it was important not only to beat the evil spirit. It was also important to perform it having found a clue to its crafty designs. We trace the signs of hidden presence of evil spirit in everyday life. Sliding apart of legs of drunk people are interpreted as the sign of "evil writing" in which hands are replaced with legs. We explain obsession experienced by a main character's wife as a result of his return from the Hell. One of main properties of evil spirit is the tendency to breaking up the things and creation of maximum uncertainty, including de-identification of personality. The success of the enterprise in which the Letter was delivered to the addressee, is due to the maximum integration of separate elements into a single whole.

Keywords: anagrams in prose, implicit semantic structures, name, self-identity

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